Overview

• The blackout on April 28, 2025, was caused by a sudden loss of 2.2 gigawatts of power generation in southern Spain, leading to the Iberian Peninsula's disconnection from the European grid.
• The Basque region played a critical role in restoring power, with its connections to France facilitating the reintroduction of electricity to the Iberian network.
• ENTSO-E's preliminary report, published on May 9, outlines the sequence of events, including a Fast Frequency Event and subsequent grid instability, but the root cause remains under investigation.
• The incident exposed vulnerabilities in Spain's renewable energy-dependent grid and underscored the importance of stronger interconnections with Europe.
• The blackout caused widespread disruptions, including prolonged outages, communication issues, and activation of emergency plans in affected regions like the Basque Country.