Overview

• The x86 Ecosystem Advisory Group finalized FRED, a modern interrupt model aimed at lower latency and more reliable operating systems and hypervisors.
• AVX10 was established as the next-generation vector and general-purpose extension to boost throughput with portability across client, workstation, and server CPUs.
• ACE was accepted and implemented across the stack to standardize matrix multiplication capabilities across devices from laptops to data center servers.
• ChkTag introduced a unified x86 memory tagging approach to detect memory-safety violations, with the full specification expected later in 2025.
• ChkTag-enabled software remains compatible on processors without hardware support and complements protections such as shadow stacks and confidential computing.