Overview
- INPS reports private-sector pay up 14.7% to €24,486 and public pay up 11.7% to €35,350 from 2014 to 2024, versus roughly 20% cumulative inflation and a contractual‑wage shortfall of over nine points since 2019.
- Real wages have edged higher over the past two years as inflation cooled and delayed contract renewals fed through.
- Tax and contribution relief strengthened net incomes for low and lower‑middle earners, with near‑complete recovery at the median.
- A wide gender gap persists, with women’s average annual pay about 70% of men’s (€19,833 vs nearly €28,000 in 2024).
- Unions and opposition leaders pressed for faster renewals and wage measures, while employer groups signaled readiness to discuss new contracts.