Overview

• India officially notified Pakistan of the Indus Waters Treaty suspension, citing breaches tied to cross-border terrorism, including the recent Pahalgam attack.
• Pakistan's leadership, including Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari, has issued inflammatory statements, warning of severe consequences if water flows are diverted.
• The Indus Waters Treaty, brokered by the World Bank, has been a cornerstone of bilateral water cooperation, critical to Pakistan's agriculture and hydroelectric power needs.
• Experts warn that a full-scale cutoff of water from the western rivers could drastically reduce Pakistan's water availability by up to 70%, threatening food and energy security.
• India's limited storage infrastructure on the western rivers may constrain its ability to effectively divert or control water flows under the treaty.