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India Shifts Organ Transplant Strategy Toward Quality and Safety

NOTTO’s new uniform surgical guidelines, including mandatory COVID-19 screening for lung transplants, seek to bolster trust in a system constrained by a low donation rate.

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Overview

  • NOTTO’s directive establishes standardized procedures for organ retrieval and mandates COVID-19 tests for lung transplants as part of a shift from volume to quality assurance.
  • India performed a record 18,911 organ transplants in 2024, ranking third globally behind the U.S. and China and underscoring its leadership in hand transplant surgeries.
  • Organ donation remains under one per million population, with living donors accounting for 15,505 procedures in 2024 compared with 1,128 from deceased donors.
  • More than 330,000 citizens have pledged organs via the Aadhaar-based NOTTO portal since 2023, reflecting rising public engagement amid persistent supply gaps.
  • Several North East states and union territories have yet to initiate deceased-donor programs, highlighting uneven infrastructure and outreach across regions.