Overview

• India launched 'Operation Sindoor,' targeting nine alleged terrorist bases in Pakistan, after blaming Islamabad-backed groups for the April 22 attack in Pahalgam that killed 26 Indian tourists.
• Pakistan condemned the Indian strikes as an 'act of war,' reported civilian casualties, and vowed decisive retaliation, claiming to have downed multiple Indian aircraft—a claim India denies.
• The conflict has intensified with cross-border air and missile strikes, leaving dozens of civilians dead and many injured on both sides of the Line of Control in Kashmir.
• India suspended the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, curtailing water flow to Pakistan, while both nations imposed reciprocal sanctions, expelled diplomats, and closed border crossings.
• Global leaders, including UN Secretary-General António Guterres, have called for de-escalation, warning of the catastrophic risks posed by a potential military conflict between these nuclear-armed neighbors.