Overview
- GST 2.0 replaced four rates with a two-slab system of 5% and 18%, with select sin goods at 40%, aiming to simplify compliance and reduce disputes.
- The new Income Tax Act was passed to replace the 1961 law and takes effect on April 1, 2026, alongside relief that leaves no tax liability up to ₹12 lakh in annual income.
- Labour reform consolidated 29 laws into four codes, expanded protections including for gig workers, set a national wage floor, and eased exit rules for establishments with up to 300 workers.
- Parliament approved the SHANTI Bill to end the state monopoly in civil nuclear energy and allow private and foreign participation, and the government cleared 100% FDI in insurance.
- Policy support included a 125-basis-point RBI rate cut with large liquidity injections and an S&P upgrade of India’s sovereign rating, as officials reported GDP growth averaging 8.2% in 2025.