Overview

• India blames the deterioration of bilateral ties on Canada's perceived tolerance towards extremist and secessionist groups, including Khalistani separatists.
• The diplomatic fallout began in 2023 when former Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau alleged Indian involvement in the killing of Khalistani separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a claim India denies.
• Both nations expelled diplomats in the wake of Trudeau's allegations, worsening the diplomatic standoff.
• Mark Carney, who replaced Trudeau as Canadian Prime Minister in March 2025, has expressed a desire to improve ties with India, particularly in trade and security cooperation.
• Security agencies from both countries have resumed dialogue, focusing on addressing organized crime, extremism, and the Khalistan issue as part of efforts to mend relations.