Overview

• Nominal GDP rose to $4.187 trillion in 2025, lifting India from the world’s 10th-largest economy in 2014 to fourth place.
• Rural private consumption has been the main engine of recent growth, outpacing gains in urban spending and investment.
• On a purchasing power parity basis, India’s per capita GDP stands at $9,000–10,000, roughly three times its nominal per capita figure.
• The proportion of Indians in extreme poverty fell to about 5.3 percent by 2022-23 and the Multidimensional Poverty Index dropped from 0.283 to 0.069 since 2005-06.
• Persistent income inequality and uneven wealth distribution remain critical challenges despite rapid economic and poverty-reduction gains.