Illegal Amazon Mining Persists Despite Government Crackdowns

Rising global gold demand fuels deforestation, mercury pollution, and harm to indigenous communities as mining operations shift across regions.

Illegal gold mining in the Amazon continues to devastate ecosystems, with operations moving between indigenous territories despite enforcement efforts under President Lula's administration.
The Sararé region has seen a 93% surge in mining activity between 2023 and 2024, while other regions like Yanomami and Kayapó have experienced declines.
Mercury used in gold extraction is contaminating rivers, causing severe health risks, including neurological damage, to indigenous populations.
Criminal networks linked to mining operations contribute to violence, labor exploitation, and human trafficking, with up to 40% of miners potentially victims of forced labor.
Historic global gold prices and opaque supply chains are driving increased demand, complicating efforts to trace and regulate the origins of gold entering international markets.