Overview
- Researchers report a 70% higher risk of preterm delivery and a 40% higher risk of low birth weight with high PM2.5 exposure in pregnancy.
- Each 10 µg/m³ rise in PM2.5 is associated with about a 12% increase in preterm birth risk, with third-trimester exposure tied to lower birth weight.
- Clinicians cite oxidative stress, inflammation, and placental dysfunction as key pathways, with added maternal risks such as preeclampsia and gestational hypertension.
- Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are identified as hotspots, with seasonal spikes around Diwali and winter prompting advice to track AQI, limit outdoor activity, use HEPA or carbon-filter purifiers, and wear N95 or KN99 masks.
- Experts also flag broader reproductive and child health harms, including reduced fertility in women and men, long-term developmental risks, and evidence of higher neurodevelopmental problems such as autism.