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IBGE Finds Union Membership Rebound as Employment Hits Record in 2024

IBGE’s 2024 PNAD points to a tentative reversal in unionization’s decade-long slide that researchers associate with effects of the 2017 labor reform.

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Overview

  • Union membership reached 9.1 million workers in 2024, or 8.9% of the employed, up by 812,000 from the series low in 2023.
  • Brazil’s employed population climbed to a record 101.3 million, with the sector mix continuing to tilt away from agriculture and industry toward public administration and services.
  • The share of employers and self‑employed operating with a CNPJ rose to 33.6%, though only 25.7% of self‑employed had a CNPJ compared with 80% of employers.
  • Home‑office and hybrid work fell for a second year to 7.9% of workers, remaining above the pre‑pandemic level but below the 2022 peak.
  • Unionization varied widely: the South posted the highest rate at 9.8% and the Center‑West the lowest at 6.9%, with public‑sector employees at 18.9%.