Overview

• A massive blackout on April 28 left nearly 60 million people across Spain, Portugal, and parts of France without electricity for hours.
• Investigators are examining two rapid generation loss events in southwestern Spain, which triggered cascading failures across the grid.
• Spain's grid operator REE has ruled out cyberattacks, human error, and unusual weather as causes but continues to analyze extensive data.
• Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has convened private energy firms, pledged systemic reforms, and is coordinating with EU regulators on resilience improvements.
• Officials refute claims that Spain's reliance on renewables caused the outage, though experts highlight grid stability challenges with low-inertia systems.