Overview

• An unprecedented April 28 blackout left Spain and Portugal without power, exposing vulnerabilities in energy infrastructure.
• Investigations into the blackout's cause are ongoing, with conclusions expected in the coming weeks or months.
• Spain’s Department of National Security has highlighted energy vulnerability as a critical risk, urging long-term infrastructure resilience.
• Major utilities are preparing a formal proposal to delay nuclear plant closures, contingent on tax reductions, as the government insists costs must be privately funded.
• The Gulf of Biscay interconnection project, set to double Spain’s energy link with France by late 2025, is a key focus to address the region’s energy isolation.