Overview

• The April 28 blackout caused 15 GW, or 60% of Spain's electricity demand, to vanish in five seconds, halting rail traffic and affecting millions across Spain and Portugal.
• Investigations are ongoing, with REE ruling out cyberattacks but identifying potential issues linked to grid instability and renewable energy integration.
• Redeia's February 2025 report warned of severe risks from rapid renewable energy expansion and the closure of conventional plants, citing system instability and supply challenges.
• Critics argue that low cross-border interconnection capacity, at under 3% versus the EU's 10% recommendation, exacerbates the grid's vulnerability to sudden generation losses.
• Political divisions have deepened, with the socialist government defending renewable energy policies and opposition parties advocating for nuclear power to stabilize the grid.