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Hyoid Histology Confirms Nanotyrannus as a Separate Tyrannosaur Species

Researchers aged the 1942 holotype skull at roughly 15–18 years using validated hyoid growth rings.

This illustration shows a Late Cretaceous face-off between an adult Nanotyrannus (left) and two juvenile T. rex, with a sub-adult T. rex watching from a distance. Jorge Gonzalez/Handout via REUTERS

Overview

  • Two peer-reviewed studies released five weeks apart independently conclude the small tyrannosaur was not a juvenile T. rex.
  • The new Science paper analyzed the holotype’s hyoid, showing maturity and establishing that the specimen defines a distinct species.
  • Validation tests found hyoid age signals in birds, crocodilians and multiple dinosaurs matched maturity estimates from limb bone histology.
  • The earlier October study documented consistent anatomical differences, including higher tooth count, a preorbital crest, an air sinus and a vestigial third finger.
  • Findings suggest late Cretaceous ecosystems hosted both T. rex and a smaller, faster predator about 5 meters long and ~700 kg, implying competition with juvenile T. rex and a reassessment of predator roles.