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Humans Lived in African Rainforests 150,000 Years Ago, Study Finds

New analysis of a West African site reveals the earliest evidence of human habitation in rainforests, reshaping understanding of human evolution.

Bété I and, inset, a stone tool
Image
The site of Bété I in Côte d’Ivoire and other African sites dated to around 130,000-190,000 years ago. Image credit: Arous et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08613-y.

Overview

  • Researchers discovered stone tools at the Bété I site in Côte d'Ivoire, dating back 150,000 years, doubling the previous estimate for human rainforest habitation.
  • The findings challenge long-held assumptions that rainforests were natural barriers to early human settlement and underscore ecological diversity in human evolution.
  • Sediment analysis confirmed the site was a dense rainforest at the time, with pollen and plant remains consistent with humid West African ecosystems.
  • The tools and environmental evidence suggest humans adapted to and possibly altered rainforest environments much earlier than previously thought.
  • The study highlights the need for further exploration of other Ivorian sites to understand early human activity in tropical forests.