Overview

• Human Rights Watch investigators visited seven schools in Lebanon between January and March 2025 and documented Israeli force occupation and defacement in five sites, citing Hebrew graffiti and discarded military supplies.
• HRW’s Gaza report says US-supplied munitions were used in school shelter strikes that killed at least 836 Palestinians and injured 2,527 more, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
• The UN Security Council condemned attacks on schools and hospitals as one of six grave violations against children in conflict, calling for accountability for those responsible.
• An IDF spokesperson insisted operations adhere to international law, accused Hamas of embedding military assets in school facilities, and vowed to address any violations of army regulations.
• UN agencies report that 97 percent of Gaza’s schools have been damaged and that over half of Lebanon’s public schools are serving as shelters after the conflict displaced more than 1.2 million people.