How to Justify Missing Brazil's Vote and Avoid Penalties

Election officials urge voters to use on-site or digital channels to prevent administrative blocks or cancellation of their voter registration.

Overview

Voting is compulsory for most literate Brazilians between 18 and 70 while it is optional for 16–17-year-olds, people over 70 and illiterate citizens.
On the day of the election a voter can justify an absence through the e-Título app with geolocation or at any polling station or receiving table by showing a photo ID and voter number without attaching proof.
If a voter does not justify on election day they have up to 60 days after the turn to regularize the absence via e-Título, the TSE Autoatendimento site or in person at a cartório and must then upload supporting documents such as a medical certificate or travel ticket.
Failing to justify or pay triggers a base fine of R$ 3.51 per missed turn payable by Pix, credit card or GRU and leaves the voter blocked from some public services and acts that require electoral clearance.
There are special rules for Brazilians abroad who must use digital channels or present justification within 30 days of return and repeated noncompliance across three consecutive turns can lead to cancellation of the voter title.