Overview
- I-SAPS’ new accounting places total education financing at Rs5.03 trillion, with households contributing 56% and the public sector 44%.
- Families spent Rs1.31 trillion on private school fees, Rs613 billion on tutoring and shadow education, and Rs878 billion on other out-of-pocket costs.
- I-SAPS executive director Dr Salman Humayun warned that heavy household financing raises fundamental questions of affordability and exclusion.
- World Bank senior specialist Izzah Farrukh said the expansion of private schooling reflects families opting out of a public system that is not meeting expectations.
- Officials and partners called for efficiency reforms, stronger governance and better data, with continued concern that roughly 25 million children remain out of school.