Overview

• The Hong Kong Convention took effect on June 26, 2025, after enough countries ratified the 2009 IMO treaty to trigger its entry into force.
• Under the treaty, all end-of-life vessels must carry an inventory of hazardous materials and submit individual recycling plans before dismantling.
• Recycling facilities are now required to obtain IMO certification, although experts question the rigor and enforcement of these new credentials.
• The convention does not ban the beaching method, which remains common in South Asia and continues to raise safety and environmental concerns.
• Although the EU enforces stricter recycling rules and some shippers voluntarily adopt higher standards, most vessels continue to be dismantled in South Asian yards under hazardous conditions.