Overview

• Israel conducted airstrikes on Beirut on March 28, 2025, the first such attack since the November 2024 ceasefire agreement.
• Hezbollah leader Naim Kassem warned of possible retaliation if Israeli strikes persist and accused Israel of violating the ceasefire terms.
• The ceasefire required Israel to withdraw from all Lebanese territory and Hezbollah to end its armed presence south of the Litani River, but Israel has not fully complied.
• Hezbollah denied responsibility for recent rocket fire from Lebanon into Israel, which preceded the airstrikes on Beirut.
• The conflict highlights increasing regional tensions, with Hezbollah rejecting perceived Israeli efforts to pressure Lebanon into normalizing relations.