Overview

• Samar Abu Zamar crossed through the Rafah border on a forged passport and settled in Turkey with her children before remarrying in a union arranged by Hamas official Fathi Hammad.
• Najwa Sinwar is believed to have used the same clandestine network to flee Gaza and has not been publicly seen since.
• Israeli security sources confirm both women exited Gaza via Rafah prior to the killings of their husbands in October 2024.
• The operation relied on high-level Hamas coordination, substantial cash flows, and forged documents beyond the reach of ordinary Gaza residents.
• Gaza remains under a strict Israeli blockade, with UN agencies warning of famine-like conditions and acute shortages of food, medicine, water, and fuel.