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3mo ago

Haenyeo Divers Exhibit Unique Genetic and Physiological Adaptations for Extreme Diving

A new study reveals genetic traits and training effects that enable Jeju Island's Haenyeo women to dive deep into icy waters, even while pregnant, though their centuries-old tradition faces decline.

Mandatory Credit: Photo by Xinhua/Shutterstock (14223158c) A group of Haenyeo (women divers) walk on the beach after diving catch on Jeju Island, South Korea, Nov. 19, 2023. Jeju Island, located in the southern part of South Korea, is a popular tourist destination in the country. South Korea Jeju Tourism - 19 Nov 2023
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The average age of Jeju's Haenyeo is around 70, and few young women want to train to become divers.
The divers spend a large percentage of their day underwater, repeatedly diving to the seabed to collect sea urchins, abalone and other seafood.

Overview

  • Researchers identified two genetic variants in Haenyeo divers that enhance cold tolerance and reduce diastolic blood pressure, aiding their ability to dive safely in extreme conditions.
  • The study found that Haenyeo exhibit a pronounced dive reflex, with heart rates dropping by an average of 18.8 bpm during simulated dives, compared to 12.6 bpm in non-divers.
  • One genetic variant may protect Haenyeo women from pregnancy-related blood pressure risks, enabling them to continue diving safely during pregnancy.
  • The Haenyeo tradition, recognized as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, is at risk as the average diver age nears 70 and younger generations show little interest in continuing the practice.
  • The findings could inspire medical advancements, including potential treatments for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and stroke, by further exploring the physiological effects of these genetic traits.