Overview
- Emissions from fossil fuels and cement are projected at 38.1 GtCO2 in 2025, up 1.1% from 2024 and about 10% higher than in 2015.
- Including land-use change, total CO2 is estimated at 42.2 GtCO2, slightly below 2024 due to fewer wildfires.
- Coal emissions reach a new high (+0.8%) while oil (+1.0%) and gas (+1.3%) also rise as gas use resumes its pre-2022 growth trend.
- U.S. emissions increase 1.9% and EU emissions 0.4%, partly from cooler winters boosting heating demand, while China edges up 0.4% with any claim of a peak deemed premature.
- The study, released at COP30 by about 130 scientists from 21 countries, aligns with UN and Climate Action Tracker findings that current policies fall short of Paris targets.