Overview
- A systematic review in Gut pooled 25 studies across 16 countries and nearly 50,000 adults, estimating a 10.3% global rate of self-reported non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity.
- Prevalence varied widely by country, from under 1% in Chile to 23% in the United Kingdom, with about 5% in the United States based on a single study.
- Self-reported cases were more common in women and were strongly associated with irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety and depression, indicating a notable emotional burden.
- Only 40% of those reporting sensitivity said they follow a gluten-free diet, often without formal medical advice, and there are no validated biomarkers or standard diagnostic criteria.
- A Lancet review published last week concluded that most reported reactions are likely driven by FODMAPs, other wheat components or nocebo effects, supporting a gut-brain framework for management.