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Giant Saharan Dust Plume Heads for U.S. Southeast, Threatening Air Quality and Hurricane Formation

Meteorologists warn the dust could stifle early-season storms with Florida set for air quality alerts this weekend.

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Satellite image of the Saharan dust Plume as of 10:00 UTC on May 30, 2025. Credit Goes-19 (East) RAMMB/CIRA

Overview

  • Since May 27 the plume has reached Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, where it has already reduced visibility and created hazy skies.
  • Forecast models project the initial wave to reach southern and central Florida by Saturday, May 31, followed by a denser plume moving into Texas by Tuesday, June 3.
  • The dry air and particulate matter of the Saharan Air Layer block sunlight and reduce ocean heat, hindering tropical cyclone development as the hurricane season begins on June 1.
  • Air quality indexes are expected to worsen in affected regions, prompting health advisories for individuals with asthma, COPD or other respiratory conditions.
  • The airborne dust particles are also expected to scatter sunlight and produce vivid red and orange hues at sunrise and sunset.