Overview

• BND, MIVD and AIVD report that tear gas and Chlorpikrin have become standard battlefield tools for Russian forces
• Ukraine has documented over 9,700 chemical attacks since February 2023, with at least three fatalities directly linked to these agents
• Chlorpikrin’s deployment in confined areas raises the risk of lethal lung damage and breaches international law
• Intelligence agencies warn that Russia is expanding its chemical weapons program by recruiting scientists and boosting research
• The Ukrainian General Staff acknowledges tear-gas use but maintains no conclusively lethal agents have been proven, noting all chemical deployments violate the Geneva Conventions