Overview

• Iran and the E3 (Germany, France, UK) ended deputy‑level talks in Geneva without a breakthrough, leaving Europe prepared to trigger the JCPOA snapback by the end of August.
• IAEA inspectors have returned to Iran after more than seven weeks away, with Director General Rafael Grossi calling initial steps constructive as the team begins work at the Bushehr plant.
• The IAEA reports Iran has enriched uranium up to about 60% and amassed over 9,200 kilograms, while the E3 have pressed for full inspector access and an accounting of more than 400 kilograms of highly enriched material.
• Tehran rejects a sanctions return as unjustified and has warned it could exit the Nuclear Non‑Proliferation Treaty if snapback is activated.
• Moscow has circulated a UN draft to extend Resolution 2231, with Beijing broadly supportive, setting up a potential clash over a 30‑day snapback process that must conclude before the October 18 deadline.