Genetic Mutation Identified as Key to Tail Loss in Humans and Apes

A study reveals a DNA sequence insertion in the TBXT gene, marking a pivotal moment in primate evolution and the shift to bipedalism.

Researchers have identified a genetic change responsible for the loss of tails in humans and other apes, pinpointing a mutation in the TBXT gene.
The mutation involves the insertion of a DNA sequence known as an Alu element, which affects the gene's activity and protein production.
This genetic alteration is linked to the evolutionary transition to bipedalism, facilitating upright walking and freeing hands for tool use.
The discovery sheds light on a significant anatomical change in primate evolution, occurring approximately 25 million years ago.
However, the mutation also increases the likelihood of developmental defects, such as spina bifida, suggesting evolutionary trade-offs.