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4d ago

Genetic and Physiological Insights from Korea’s Haenyeo Divers Illuminate Human Adaptation

A new study reveals how genetic traits and lifelong training enable Jeju Island’s Haenyeo to endure extreme diving conditions, with potential implications for medical research.

Image
(Credit: Melissa Ilardo)
A group of Haenyeo pose for photographers as they perform a demonstration during a media event on November 6, 2015. The term "Haenyeo," or "sea women," refers to women who use free-diving techniques to retrieve shell fish from the sea floor.
Legendary Female Free-Divers Reveal Evolution in Action on South Korean Island

Overview

  • The May 2, 2025 study in *Cell Reports* analyzed genomes and dive responses of 30 Haenyeo, 30 non-divers from Jeju, and 31 mainland Koreans, uncovering genetic adaptations unique to Jeju Island residents.
  • Jeju natives show a gene variant linked to lower diastolic blood pressure, occurring in 33% of the population compared to single-digit percentages on the mainland, potentially reducing risks during pregnancy and diving.
  • Additional genetic variants associated with cold tolerance and pain sensitivity were identified, supporting the Haenyeo’s ability to dive year-round in frigid waters.
  • Lifelong diving training enhances bradycardia, with Haenyeo showing significantly greater heart rate drops during simulated dives compared to non-divers, highlighting the interplay of culture and biology.
  • Researchers are investigating how these adaptations could inform treatments for hypertension, preeclampsia, and stroke, as Jeju has notably low stroke mortality rates.