Overview
- Leaders approved the declaration at the start of the summit, reaffirming that states must not use force to acquire territory, a line diplomats said implicitly signalled Russia, Israel and Myanmar.
- The White House criticized South Africa’s approach and the United States stayed away at leader level, yet members moved ahead with a negotiated text.
- South Africa’s presidency steered outcomes centered on African and wider Global South priorities, including a G20 Critical Minerals Framework and a push to scale climate finance from billions to trillions.
- The declaration stresses debt sustainability for low‑income countries and stronger disaster risk reduction, with support for early warning systems and resilient energy transitions.
- India’s Narendra Modi unveiled a six‑point package spanning skills in Africa, a traditional knowledge repository, a healthcare response team, open satellite data, critical minerals circularity, and a drug‑terror counter‑initiative, and held a bilateral with President Cyril Ramaphosa; Singapore’s Lawrence Wong urged WTO reform and flexible plurilateral paths.