Overview

• The Fraunhofer-ISI meta-study analyzed over 70 sources, updating its 2020 findings with advancements in battery technology and grid decarbonization.
• Electric vehicles emit 40–50% less greenhouse gases over their lifecycle compared to internal-combustion cars, despite higher emissions during production.
• Cost analysis shows EVs can become cheaper within three years when charged at home or work, due to lower energy and maintenance expenses.
• The study highlights challenges such as increased tire particulate emissions from heavier EVs and fire risks equivalent to conventional vehicles.
• Innovations like bidirectional and smart charging could enhance EV savings, with potential annual benefits of up to €1,000 per vehicle.