Overview

• Modeling showed a 2.99‑minute reduction in defibrillator arrival when 10% of nearby riders agreed to respond, equivalent to roughly 44% of typical EMS time.
• Researchers compared simulated responses to documented fire‑department delivery times of six to seven minutes in dense urban neighborhoods.
• Coverage metrics indicated over 60% of out‑of‑hospital cardiac arrests were attended in the model, with 13.4% rider participation reaching about 80% coverage during peak hours.
• Assumptions included one available rider per open restaurant in delivery hotspots able to respond within a two‑kilometer radius.
• Authors report greater gains during peak delivery periods and describe the approach as potentially cost‑effective and scalable, though it remains untested outside simulation and would require EMS integration.