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Federal Courts Maintain Nationwide Blocks on Trump’s Birthright Citizenship Order

Lower courts are relying on class-action injunctions under the Supreme Court’s full-relief exception to keep Trump’s order frozen

People hold a banner as they protest outside the Supreme Court over Donald Trump’s move to end birthright citizenship, on May 15, 2025.
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Boston College Law/Ted Fitzgerald/MediaNews Group/Boston Herald via Getty Images

Overview

  • On July 26, Judge Leo Sorokin reaffirmed his nationwide injunction, ruling that any narrower order would not prevent irreparable harm to states’ health and administrative programs
  • A 2-1 decision by the Ninth Circuit earlier this month upheld a universal injunction, declaring the executive order unconstitutional and necessary to provide states complete relief
  • U.S. District Judge Joseph LaPlante certified a nationwide class in New Hampshire to block the policy under Federal Rule 23 following guidance in the Supreme Court’s June ruling
  • The Supreme Court’s June decision limited broad injunctions but allowed nationwide relief when required for full redress, leaving the constitutional merits of the order for a future hearing
  • While the policy remains frozen, the Justice Department is drafting public guidance on enforcement and evaluating appeals of the successive injunctions