Overview

• In a 7–4 ruling, the appeals court largely upheld the Court of International Trade and found the 'Liberation Day' baseline levy and related country‑specific tariffs unauthorized by IEEPA.
• The judgment’s effect is paused until Oct. 14 to allow the administration to seek Supreme Court review, so the tariffs remain in place for now.
• The decision stems from two cases brought by five small businesses and a coalition of 12 states that argued Congress never granted tariff authority through IEEPA.
• Judges emphasized that the statute neither mentions tariffs nor includes procedural limits for imposing them, noting that taxing powers rest with Congress.
• Tariffs issued under other laws, such as steel and aluminum measures, are unaffected, and the panel sent the case back to the trade court to reassess the scope of any injunction.