Overview

• Copernicus data show June averaged 20.49 °C across western Europe, 2.81 °C above the 1991–2020 mean and the warmest June on record with heat indices nearing 48 °C in parts of Iberia.
• The Mediterranean Sea reached a surface temperature of 27 °C on June 30, a 3.7 °C anomaly that intensified coastal stress and raised ecological concerns.
• An Imperial College London and LSHTM analysis estimates at least 2,300 premature deaths across Europe between June 23 and July 2, of which around 1,500 are directly attributable to climate change.
• MoMo monitoring in the Comunitat Valenciana recorded 63 heat-attributable deaths in the first week of July, nearly double the 32 deaths recorded in June under similar methodology.
• City-level attribution studies find that 92 percent of Madrid’s and 84 percent of Barcelona’s recent heat-related fatalities are linked to anthropogenic warming.