Overview

• Britain, France and Germany have signaled they will invoke the JCPOA snapback by the end of August unless Iran shows concrete movement in talks with the United States.
• Iranian and European envoys plan last‑ditch contacts this week, with a Tuesday meeting in Geneva reported by Tasnim and a separate engagement set for August 28.
• Once referred under UN Resolution 2231, a 30‑day Security Council clock starts and pre‑2015 UN sanctions automatically return if no resolution keeps relief in place.
• Tehran disputes the Europeans’ legal authority and warns of consequences, while Russia and China voice opposition, with Moscow’s envoy questioning the E3’s strategy.
• Reimposed measures would restore arms and missile restrictions, asset freezes and travel bans, which experts say would most constrain Iran’s nuclear and missile trade before the October 18 window closes.