Overview

• Leaders in Paris said 26 countries have formally committed to provide security guarantees that could include a multinational reassurance presence on land, at sea or in the air after a ceasefire or peace deal.
• Emmanuel Macron emphasized deterrence rather than warfighting and declined to disclose operational details or country-by-country contributions.
• A post-summit call with President Donald Trump produced no announcement on the U.S. ‘backstop,’ and he has ruled out sending American ground troops.
• Italy reiterated it will not send troops, Germany signaled a focus on air defense and equipment, and NATO chief Mark Rutte said Russia has no veto over deployments to sovereign Ukraine.
• The Kremlin rejected Western guarantees, with Dmitri Peskov accusing Europe of hindering a settlement and Vladimir Putin warning any Western forces in Ukraine would be targeted; European leaders also floated additional sanctions if Moscow refuses to negotiate.