Overview

• Russia's nuclear arsenal remains the largest globally, with over 4,000 operational warheads and advanced delivery systems, posing a significant threat to Europe.
• European nations are exploring enhanced nuclear deterrence strategies, including potential French and UK-led nuclear umbrellas, as U.S. support becomes less reliable under Donald Trump's administration.
• French President Emmanuel Macron has proposed extending France's nuclear protection to European allies, though he insists on retaining sole authority over its use.
• Poland, Germany, and other European nations are debating increased nuclear cooperation, while some leaders have called for U.S. nuclear weapons to be stationed in Europe to counter Russian aggression.
• The EU has launched an €800 billion rearmament plan to strengthen its defense capabilities, combining conventional and nuclear strategies to address growing security challenges.