Overview
- Spain has implemented EU Regulation 2019/1157 through Royal Decree 255/2025 published in the state gazette in April.
- People holding so‑called permanent DNIs—mainly citizens aged 70 and over and some with severe disabilities—must replace them by 3 August 2031.
- The updated ID will include a machine‑readable zone and an electronic chip storing biometric data such as a photo and fingerprints.
- Authorities plan a gradual transition over several years to manage demand, with a large number of documents to be renewed.
- The shift supports the EU’s “DNI 4.0” push for secure digital identification across the bloc, following reported travel issues for holders of legacy permanent cards.