Overview

• Existing CO2-cutting measures are projected to lower net greenhouse gas emissions by 54% by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, just below the legally binding 55% goal.
• Emissions have fallen 37% since 1990 while the EU economy expanded nearly 70%, demonstrating resilience amid high energy prices and geopolitical pressures.
• Agriculture and transport remain the slowest sectors to decarbonize, with farmers’ protests prompting some rollbacks of environmental rules.
• Renewable energy is on pace to supply 41% of EU consumption and energy use is set to drop by 8.1%, both missing their 2030 benchmarks, as carbon sink capacity also falls short.
• Achieving full compliance with the 2030 targets will require roughly €570 billion in annual investment through the end of the decade.