Overview

• Italy and France welcomed the added protections for farmers and will verify their effectiveness before deciding their votes, while Poland maintains opposition and seeks a blocking minority.
• Brussels paired the deal with an operational safeguard regime that includes semi-annual monitoring, rapid probes when imports rise over 10% or prices fall, and the option to suspend tariff cuts and restore base duties for up to four years.
• Safeguard actions can be triggered at the level of a single member state, with reinforced phytosanitary checks on incoming goods and a commitment to compensation for harmed sectors.
• The Commission outlined a dual-track path featuring a full treaty requiring national ratifications and an Interim Trade Agreement limited to commercial measures that could start by qualified-majority vote.
• EU estimates project about a 39% increase in exports to Mercosur, support for roughly 440,000 jobs, and protection for 344 geographical indications, as farm groups demand stronger reciprocity and 100% import checks.