Overview
- Global mean temperature for January–November 2025 was 1.48°C above the 1850–1900 baseline, matching 2023 so far.
- November 2025 ran about 1.54°C over preindustrial levels and ranked as the third-warmest November, with notably high Arctic temperatures.
- C3S reports the 2023–2025 three-year average is on track to exceed 1.5°C for the first time, despite a weak La Niña this year.
- Record fossil-fuel emissions in 2025 coincided with severe disasters, including deadly Asian storms, Spain’s worst wildfires in decades, and a Jamaica‑striking hurricane intensified by climate change.
- The update follows COP30’s lack of stronger fossil-fuel phase-out commitments, highlighting a persistent gap between science and policy.