Overview

• EU Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič and Indonesia’s economic minister Airlangga Hartarto signed the agreements in Bali after nearly a decade of talks.
• The package removes over 98% of tariffs, with Indonesia expecting duties on about 80% of its exports to the EU to be eliminated.
• Brussels says the deal ensures stable access to critical inputs such as nickel for Europe’s clean-technology and steel industries.
• The agreements will only enter into force after sign-off by EU member-state governments and the European Parliament.
• Nickel export rules and environmental safeguards remain contentious; German industry urges lifting Indonesia’s nickel export ban, and EU negotiators emphasized sustainability standards.