Overview

• Kokott recommended dismissing Google’s appeal to uphold the €4.125 billion fine, which was reduced from €4.34 billion.
• She backed regulators’ finding that Google’s mandatory pre-installation of its apps alongside device restrictions constituted market abuse.
• The General Court trimmed the original penalty by €200 million in 2022 after finding insufficient evidence on specific abuses.
• Google said upholding the opinion would discourage investment in open platforms, potentially harming developers and users.
• Top judges often follow Advocate General opinions, with a final ruling expected later this year.