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ESO Reveals Sculptor Galaxy in Unprecedented Detail, Uncovering 500 Planetary Nebulae

The ‘Astronomy & Astrophysics’ paper shows composite VLT observations mapping NGC 253’s structure at stellar resolution, tracing hundreds of planetary nebulae to shed light on its evolution.

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Overview

  • ESO combined over 100 exposures from the Very Large Telescope in Chile to produce a false-color composite covering a 65,000-light-year section of NGC 253.
  • The image isolates emissions from hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen to study star-forming regions at nearly individual star scales.
  • Researchers identified 500 planetary nebulae within the galaxy, providing new data on its stellar life cycle and chemical enrichment.
  • At 11 million light-years away in the Sculptor constellation, the galaxy’s proximity and size make it ideal for resolving internal structures and overall morphology.
  • The VLT is Europe’s flagship ground-based observatory and one of the world’s most advanced optical instruments for deep-space surveys.