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ESA’s Proba-3 Achieves World’s First Autonomous Precision Formation Flying

The mission's two satellites maintained millimetre-level alignment over several hours, paving the way for groundbreaking solar corona studies and future multi-satellite missions.

An artist's concept of Proba-3 eclipsing the Sun. Illustration: ESA-P. Carril
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Overview

  • Proba-3's Coronagraph and Occulter satellites autonomously maintained a 150-metre formation with millimetre-level accuracy, a world-first achievement in space technology.
  • The mission creates artificial solar eclipses by aligning the Occulter to block the Sun, enabling extended observation of the Sun’s corona for up to six hours.
  • Advanced onboard technologies, including laser-based metrology and autonomous guidance algorithms, made this precision formation flying possible without ground control.
  • The spacecraft operate in a highly elliptical orbit, minimizing gravitational disturbances and propellant use while enabling repeated formation cycles.
  • Proba-3's success demonstrates critical technologies for future multi-satellite missions in Earth observation, satellite servicing, and astrophysics.