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ESA Mars Express Reveals 'Butterfly' Crater Carved by Low-Angle Impact

High-resolution HRSC visuals show fluidised ejecta, indicating subsurface ice melted during the strike.

Overview

  • ESA released new stereo images and a flyover video on December 3 highlighting the Idaeus Fossae feature.
  • The crater sits in Mars’s northern lowlands and spans roughly 20 km east–west by 15 km north–south.
  • Ejecta is concentrated into two wing-like lobes to the north and south, matching the signature of a shallow trajectory impact.
  • Smooth, rounded deposits suggest debris flowed after mixing with melted subsurface ice, a style known as fluidised ejecta.
  • Surrounding mesas, dark volcanic layers and wrinkle ridges point to a volcanic and tectonic past, with a comparable butterfly-shaped crater documented at Hesperia Planum.