Overview

• A 45-expert panel concluded the April 28 event began in southern Spain and spread too quickly for grid defense schemes to stop it.
• Between 12:32 and 12:33, rapid voltage rises triggered successive generation trips and disconnected the Iberian grid from Europe at 12:33:21.
• System conditions featured concentrated photovoltaic and wind output in the southwest, an excess above 10,000 megawatts, and exports to Portugal, France and Morocco.
• ENTSO-E reported difficulty obtaining telemetry from some generators, sending more than 150 requests and not securing complete data until August.
• The report labels the incident Europe’s most serious in two decades, notes Spain’s high-voltage network was restored by 16:00 the same day, and schedules final recommendations for Q1 2026.